In Mr. 510's VG34 build thread, he found that a camshaft retainer bolt had somehow backed out and allowed the cam to walk forward, which he figured was the cause of the weird tick he'd been hearing. Something to look for when you get the valve cover off. I don't know that this would explain the popping, but if the cam journal is gnawing on the lifter, maybe that could be hanging up the valve and intermittently preventing it from closing properly, causing what I assume is a backfire.
Only popping when it's heat soaked still has me thinking it's got a sticky valve, but that's not a failure I've chased before so I don't know how common/likely it would be, and I don't know that it would explain the racket in the video. Too bad the snake oil didn't help. If you suspect the injectors, check the spark plugs, see if they're all about the same color on the business end. (The #6 plug is a notorious PITA, but is possible to remove with the right combination of extension/U joint/swearing, or the factory tool kit that may still be under your back seat. Blow out around them first if you can, dirt and mouse crap tend to settle in there.) If they all look about the same, I doubt it's the injectors. Wouldn't explain the tapping, either. If you do need an injector, avoid the cheap ones. Cuong Nguyen tried some and wasn't impressed. Black soot could be leaky injectors, but it could also be a bad temp sensor telling the computer it's colder outside than it is. Condensation on cold starts is normal.
I doubt it's the cat. The cat on my friend's Blazer failed and all it did was rattle. We cut it open after replacing it and found that the honeycomb had broken free of the can, bounced around inside, and gradually beat itself smaller so it rattled more and more. I don't think it ever threw a code, it just sounded like something was gonna fall off.
Long shot, when it's running, try pressing on that heat shield over the exhaust manifold with a long screwdriver or prybar. If the noise suddenly stops, the heat shield is loose. It doesn't sound like a heat shield to me, but they can make a hell of a racket when they break loose. I once drove back from the coast convinced that something in the drivetrain was about to fail, only to discover that I had a loose exhaust clamp. Wasn't nearly as regular as your noise, though, and didn't match engine RPM like yours is doing.
Long shot, have you tried running it with the drive belts off? Not for long (it'll overheat if run too long with no water pump), but if you crank it up and the noise is gone, could be a bearing going. My alt sounded pretty ominous when it started to go. Your noise sure does sound like it's in the engine, but it doesn't hurt to rule out the cheap stuff first.